Volkswagen Touareg Touareg (2015

Marca: Volkswagen

Familia : Touareg

Modelo: Touareg (2015 - 2018)

Engine: "CVMD (249ps/183kw/300ltr/6cyl)"
Market: EUROPA
Model: Touareg (2015 - 2018)

Steering: Left
Transmission: HA (RZP)

Versión antigua del catálogo Volkswagen

Mantenimiento

Clasificador

Piezas de mantenimiento
- Aceite / técnicas de líquido
  - El aceite de motor
    - engine oil no 'fi' function possible. take the vw standard from the servicing/maintenance table.
- Frenos
  - Frenos traseros
    - floating caliper brake brake disc (vented)
    - floating caliper brake brake disc (vented)
  - Frenos delanteros
- El motor
  - Correas / cadenas
    - a/c compressor connecting and mounting parts for compressor
    - timing chain slide rail
  - Junta del tapón de drenaje de la bandeja de goteo
    - oil sump balancer shaft
  - Bujía de encendido / incandescencia
    - ignition coil spark plug connector spark plug
    - wiring set for engine glow plug
- Filtros
  - El filtro de aire
    - air filter with connecting parts
  - Filtro de aceite
    - oil filter with flange and oil cooler
Carrocería
- Depósito de combustible / Piezas
- Sujeción del radiador
- Embellecedores/Molduras/Emblemas/Protectores
  - Embellecedores / Listón de protección
  - Logotipo
    - type plates
    - inscriptions/lettering moldings
  - Protección antisalpicaduras
    - genuine accessories mud flap
- Partes de la carrocería/Guardabarros/Parachoques
  - Largueros/travesaños
    - cross panel
  - Cárter de la rueda
    - bodywork front part side member
    - side member wheel housing bottom plate
    - wing wheel housing liner
  - Panel del piso/bajos
    - adhesive 2 pk fill foam underbody protection sealant see workshop manual
    - body please inquire when ordering
    - bodywork front part side member
    - floor assembly
    - floor covering foot rest a-pillar trim floor mat fasteners
    - luggage comp. floor covering cover for lock carrier
    - noise insulation underbody trim underrun bar
    - plugs for floor
    - side member wheel housing bottom plate
    - support frame
  - Montante de puerta/acceso
    - sill trim strip
  - Chapa lateral
    - sectional part - side panel
    - side panel, inner
  - Guardabarros/piezas adosadas
    - accessories pest control (pine marten) sundry observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
    - wing wheel housing liner
  - Parachoques/piezas
    - bumper
    - bumper
    - wiring set for bumper
    - wiring set for bumper
  - Parrilla delantera /Revestimiento
    - radiator grille vent grille
  - Spoiler
    - rear lid lid lock spoiler
  - Bastidor techo/montantes y travesaños puertas
    - floor covering foot rest a-pillar trim floor mat fasteners
    - pillar trim
  - Revestimiento posterior
    - damping
    - damping filler piece shaped part (foam)
    - noise insulation plate butyl adhesive/sealing strip
    - noise insulation underbody trim underrun bar
  - Bastidor auxiliar/soporte de equipos
    - bodywork front part side member
    - side member wheel housing bottom plate
  - adhesive 2 pk fill foam underbody protection sealant see workshop manual
  - seat and backrest cover seat and backrest padding head restaints armrest
  - body please inquire when ordering
  - backrest frame
  - backrest frame
  - bodywork front part side member
  - cover for door
  - cross member for dash panel
  - cross panel
  - floor covering foot rest a-pillar trim floor mat fasteners
  - luggage comp. floor covering cover for lock carrier
  - noise insulation plate butyl adhesive/sealing strip
  - noise insulation underbody trim underrun bar
  - plugs for body
  - seat and backrest cover seat and backrest padding head restraint
  - seat frame
  - seat frame (electrically adjustable)
  - seatback and backrest frame
  - seatback and backrest frame
  - water deflector fresh air intake vent trim
  - wheel cover
  - anti-roll bar coupling rod
  - support frame transmission securing parts 8-speed automatic gearbox for four-wheel drive
  - air suspension module gas shock absorber anti-roll bar
  - anti-roll bar control unit for vehicles with electronic roll stabilisation
  - coil spring shock absorbers anti-roll bar
  - support frame
  - cover for engine compartment ventilation for cylinder block
  - cylinder head cylinder head cover
- Cristales/Espejos
  - Espejos
    - exterior mirror
    - interior mirror
  - Cristales
    - Lunas de ventanas
    - Piezas adicionales
      - window regulator window guide
      - window regulator window guide window aperture seal
- Cubiertas/capó/puertas/techo plegable, corredizo
  - Capó delantero/piezas/amortiguación
    - bonnet
  - Puertas/piezas
  - Puerta del maletero/compart. de carga
    - rear lid lid lock spoiler
    - adapter wire rear lid
  - Techo corredizo / Piezas
    - glass sunroof
  - Capota/piezas
  - Tapa depósito /piezas
    - fuel filler flap
    - fuel filler flap
- Faros principales/Piezas
  - Faro/pieza insertable
    - led headlight
- Parte delantera del vehículo
  - Guardabarros/piezas adosadas
    - wing wheel housing liner
  - Cárter de la rueda
    - wing wheel housing liner
  - Capó delantero/piezas/amortiguación
    - bonnet
  - Cristal delantero
    - windscreen
  - lock carrier with mounting for coolant radiator
  - luggage comp. floor covering cover for lock carrier
  - anti-roll bar coupling rod
  - air suspension module gas shock absorber anti-roll bar
  - anti-roll bar control unit for vehicles with electronic roll stabilisation
  - coil spring shock absorbers anti-roll bar
- Habitáculo
  - Bastidor techo/montantes y travesaños puertas
    - floor covering foot rest a-pillar trim floor mat fasteners
    - pillar trim
  - Puertas/piezas
    - doors door hinge door seal
    - doors door hinge door seal
  - Espejos
    - exterior mirror
    - interior mirror
- Parte trasera vehículo
  - Cárter de la rueda
    - wing wheel housing liner
  - Guardabarros/piezas adosadas
    - wing wheel housing liner
  - Puerta trasera /piezas
    - doors door hinge door seal
    - doors door hinge door seal
  - Puerta del maletero/compart. de carga
    - rear lid lid lock spoiler
    - cable set for tailgate
- Herramientas
- Cabina
  - Bastidor techo/montantes y travesaños puertas
    - floor covering foot rest a-pillar trim floor mat fasteners
    - pillar trim
Motor
- Distribución del motor
  - Árbol de levas
    - camshaft, valves
  - Cárter de distribución/junta
    - cylinder head cylinder head cover
  - Cadena de distribución/Guía/Tensión
    - Cadena de distribución
      - timing chain slide rail
    - Carril de deslizamiento
      - timing chain slide rail
    - Tensor de cadena
      - timing chain slide rail
- Lubricación
  - Cárter de aceite / piezas adicionales
    - Cárter de aceite
      - crankcase housing sealing flange oil sump
      - oil sump balancer shaft
  - Bomba de aceite / Piezas adicionales
    - Bomba de aceite
      - oil pump vacuum pump tube for oil dipstick
  - Interruptor/ Sensor/ Válvula de la presión de aceite
    - oil level sensor oil pressure switch temperature sensor
  - Aceites
    - engine oil no 'fi' function possible. take the vw standard from the servicing/maintenance table.
- Culatas de cilindro / Piezas adicionales
  - Juntas/tubo de llenado refrigerante
  - Bomba vacío
- Alimentación de aire
  - Colector/tubo de admisión
    - intake system
  - Sobrealimentación
    - Trubocompresor /piezas
    - Intercooler
  - Manguitos/Tuberías
    - air guide for charge air cooler
    - pressure accumulator air line repair set for air channel
  - intake system
- Bloque motor
  - Bloque motor
  - Ventilación
    - cover for engine compartment ventilation for cylinder block
  - Cilindro
    - cover for engine compartment ventilation for cylinder block
- Accionamiento del cigüeñal
  - Cigüeñal
    - Cigüeñal
      - crankshaft conrod bearings
  - Biela
    - Biela
      - crankshaft conrod bearings
  - Árbol intermedio/Árbol de compensación
    - oil sump balancer shaft
- Suspensión del motor
  - Piezas de sujeción
    - securing parts for engine
    - securing parts for engine
- Depuración de los gases de escape
- Motor completo / no completo
  - Motor completo
  - Motor no completo
- Cubierta motor
  - cover for engine compartment ventilation for cylinder block
- Protección motor /empotramiento
  - cover for engine compartment ventilation for cylinder block
- Transmisión por correas
  - Correa poli V/Juego
    - Correa poli V
      - connecting and mounting parts for alternator poly-v-belt
  - Correa dentada /Juego
    - Correa dentada/Arbol de levas
      - timing chain slide rail
- Cilindros / Pistones
Sistema de escape
- Sistema de silenciador, completo
- Sonda Lambda
  - lambda probe (in front of catalyst)
- Silenciador
- Tubos
- Compresor
Filtros
- Filtros de aceite
  - oil filter with flange and oil cooler
- Filtro de aire
  - air filter with connecting parts
- Filtro combustible
  - fuel delivery module with fuel filter control unit for fuel pump
Frenos
- Servofrenos
- Cilindro principal del freno
  - tandem brake master cylinder reservoir brake fluid
- Pinza del freno
  - Pinza de freno/soporte
    - floating caliper brake brake disc (vented)
    - floating caliper brake brake disc (vented)
- Depósito de líquido de frenos/piezas
  - tandem brake master cylinder reservoir brake fluid
- Tubos flexibles de frenos/latiguillos
- Tuberías de frenos/latiguillos
  - brake pipe brake hose
  - brake pipe brake hose SIEHE PDM 4M1/4M2 614 BL.001-
- Regulación de dinámica de conducción
  - anti-locking brake syst. -abs-
- Acumulador de presión / Interruptor
  - pressure accumulator
  - pressure accumulator air line repair set for air channel
- Freno de disco
  - Pastilla de freno
  - Disco de freno
- anti-locking brake syst. -abs-
Refrigeración
- Bomba de agua / Junta
  - Bomba de agua
- Termostato / Junta
  - Termostato
    - coolant pump coolant regulator connector union valve
- Tubería/tubos flexibles/bridas
- Radiador de agua/aceite
  - Radiador/piezas
  - Radiador de aceite
    - oil filter with flange and oil cooler
  - Depósito de compensación
- Interruptor/Sensor
  - wiring set for engine coolant temperature sender fuel temperature sender
- Ventilador
  - radiator fan
- Refrigeración de aire
- Módulo de refrigeración
- coolant cooling system engine
- coolant cooling system engine
- coolant cooling system engine
- coolant cooling system engine bay
- coolant cooling system engine bay
- coolant cooling system engine bay
- coolant cooling system engine bay
Sistema de encendido/incandescencia
- Bobina/Unidad bobina de encendido
  - ignition coil spark plug connector spark plug
- Bujía de encendido
  - ignition coil spark plug connector spark plug
- Bujía de precalentamiento
  - wiring set for engine glow plug
- Generador/transmisor de impulsos
  - impulse sender knock sensor control valve
Sistema eléctrico
- Dínamo/alternador/piezas
  - Dinamo/alternador
- Batería
  - battery
- Iluminación/Sistema de señales
  - Luces intermitentes / Piezas
    - Luces intermitentes
      - additional brake light
  - Luces traseras /Piezas
    - Luces traseras
      - led tail light
      - led tail light
  - Luces de freno/Piezas
    - Luz de freno adicional
      - additional brake light
  - Luces de las puertas
    - lighting door panel
  - Iluminación interior
    - Iluminación habitáculo
      - interior and reading light
    - Luz para lectura
      - genuine accessories carstick hands-free device smartphone holder usb connection cable led reading light observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
      - interior and reading light
  - genuine accessories carstick hands-free device smartphone holder usb connection cable led reading light observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
  - sunlight roller blind for door window
  - additional brake light
  - headlight washer system
  - interior and reading light
  - led headlight
  - led headlight with matrix beam
  - led tail light
  - led tail light
  - lighting dash panel/centre console
  - lighting door panel
  - sensor for headlight range control
  - socket cigarette lighter inverter
  - switches in dashboard light button model
  - wiring harness section for lighting D >> - 25.11.2019
  - wiring harness section for lighting D >> - 25.11.2019
- Faros principales/Piezas
  - Regulación del alcance de la luz
    - sensor for headlight range control
  - Piezas del faro
- Bocina/bocina electroneumática
  - signal horn
- Instrumentos
  - Sensores/conmutadores
  - Indicadores
    - combi-instrument D >> - 09.12.2018
    - combi-instrument D >> - 09.12.2018
- Sistema de arranque
  - Motor de arranque
    - starter
    - wiring set for starter and alternator with earth lead
- Sistema eléctrico central
- Aparatos de mando (unidades de control)
- Relé
  - fuse box with fuse potential distributor relay plate and housing in plenum chamber
  - potential distributor central electrics, fuse box, relay carrier, relays
- Generador de señal
  - sensor for headlight range control
- Caja/portafusibles
- Sensores
- Kit de cables
Suspensión / Amortiguación
- Suspensión
- Amortiguadores
- Soporte de amortiguadores/columna de suspensión
  - suspension gas shock absorber suspension forks
- Columna de suspensión/amortiguador/piezas de montaje
  - Columna de suspensión
    - gas strut suspension forks
    - suspension gas shock absorber suspension forks
Dirección
- Mecanismo/bomba de dirección
- Columna de dirección
- Barras de acoplamiento/piezas
  - Barras de acoplamiento
    - wishbone track rod wheel bearing housing
- Varilla del nivel de aceite
  - oil pump vacuum pump tube for oil dipstick
- Volante / piezas
  - wiring set for airbag steering wheel
  - steering wheel
Suspensión de ejes/Guía de ruedas/Ruedas
- Mangueta /Juego de reparación
  - Mangueta
    - front wishbone link suspension guide wheel bearing housing
    - wishbone track rod wheel bearing housing
- Brazo oscilante/soporte
  - Brazo oscilante (long. transv. inclinado)
- Estabilizador/ Piezas de sujeción
  - Estabilizador
  - Varillaje del estabilizador
    - anti-roll bar coupling rod
- Cárter de eje/Soporte
  - Cárter de eje
- Control de presión de neumáticos
  - tyre pressure control system
Tracción a las ruedas
- Arbol de transmisión
Remolque / Piezas adicionales
- Enganche de remolque
Transmisión por correas
- Correa poli V/Juego
  - Correa poli V
    - connecting and mounting parts for alternator poly-v-belt
Limpieza de cristales
- Limpiaparabrisas/Escobillas
- Depósito/Tubos para el agua de lavar
  - wash water reservoir and individual parts
Embrague/ piezas adicionales
- Disco de embrague
  - crankshaft conrod bearings
- anti-roll bar coupling rod
Alimentación de combustible
- Depósito de combustible/accesorios
- Bomba/accesorios
  - Bomba de combustible
- Mangas/tubos/tubos flexibles
- Regulador/Interruptor de presión
- fuel delivery module with fuel filter control unit for fuel pump
Transmisión
- Caja de cambios
  - Accionamiento de la transmisión
    - selector mechanism
- Caja de cambios automática
Calefacción/Ventilación
- Intercambiador de calor
  - heat exchanger
- Tubos/manguitos
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for heater
  - coolant hoses for vehicles with auxiliary heater
- air and footwell heater ducts, air hoses and vents
- air and footwell heater ducts, air hoses and vents
- auxiliary heater for coolant circuit auxiliary heater for water circuit
- coolant hoses for heater PDM.4M0.121 (PHEV)
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for heater
- coolant hoses for vehicles with auxiliary heater
- fuel line fuel metering pump for vehicles with auxiliary heater auxiliary heater for water circuit
- high-voltage heating (ptc)
- individual parts auxiliary heater for coolant circuit auxiliary heater for water circuit
- passenger comp. ventilation
- radiator grille vent grille
- vent air and footwell heater ducts, air hoses and vents
- water deflector fresh air intake vent trim
- electrical parts for auxiliary heater with remote control
- part section wiring harness for radiator fan
- radiator fan
- fixed-calliper brake brake disc (vented)
- fixed-calliper brake brake disc (vented)
- fixed-calliper brake brake disc (vented)
- floating caliper brake brake disc (vented)
- floating caliper brake brake disc (vented)
- cover for engine compartment ventilation for cylinder block
Aire acondicionado
- Compresor/piezas
- Condensador
  - a/c condenser refrigerant circuit
  - a/c condenser refrigerant circuit
- Evaporador
  - air-conditioning system with electronic regulation
- Refrigerantes/filtros
- Sistema / Bomba de vacío
  - vacuum system
- Sensores
  - air-conditioning system with electronic regulation
  - external temperature sensor
- air-conditioning system with electronic regulation
- display and control panel with control unit for manually controlled air conditioning
Preparación de la mezcla carburante
- Preparación mezcla
  - Inyectores
    - fuel pump fuel rail injection valve
    - fuel rail injector unit pressure pipes
  - Acelerador/potenciómetro
    - brake and accel. lever mech.
    - brake and accel. lever mech.
  - Bomba inyección combustible/alta presión
    - fuel pump fuel rail injection valve
    - fuel rail injector unit pressure pipes
  - Conductos, distribución combustible
Sistemas de confort
- Calefacción auxiliar
  - auxiliary heater for coolant circuit auxiliary heater for water circuit
  - electrical parts for auxiliary heater with remote control
- Auxiliar de aparcamiento/avisador de marcha atrás
- Calefacción del asiento
  - electrical parts for seat and backrest heating
- Motor / Relé/Interruptor
  - Elevalunas
  - Espejos
    - exterior mirror
    - interior mirror
Sistemas de comunicación e información
- Instrumentos
  - genuine accessories carstick hands-free device smartphone holder usb connection cable led reading light observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
- Sistema audio
  - loudspeaker for vehicles with 8 loudspeakers
- Antenas
  - roof antenna
- Comunicación
  - genuine accessories carstick hands-free device smartphone holder usb connection cable led reading light observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
  - electric parts for telephone
- Navegación
  - sd memory card for updating the navigation data
- data lead infotainment see parts bulletin: only for: *no 'fi' function possible
Equipamiento del habitáculo
- Asientos
- Accesorios
- Apoyabrazos
  - seat and backrest cover seat and backrest padding head restaints armrest
  - armrest
- Esterillas
  - floor covering foot rest a-pillar trim floor mat fasteners
- Sistema de palancas manuales y pedales
  - grommet fuer lenksaeule socket - jack
- Guantera
  - dash panel attachment parts glove compartment
- Maletero/compartimiento de carga
- Visera parasol
  - sun vizors
- Tablero de instrumentos
- Consola central
Sistema limpiafaro
- headlight washer system
Dispositivo de transporte
- Portaequipajes de techo
- Piezas de sujeción para dispositivos de transporte
  - genuine accessories mud flap
- '000 071 200 AA/EA/FA'
Transmisión por ejes
- Diferencial
  - rear axle differential
- Caja de transmisión
  - flanged shaft
- Arbol longitudinal
  - Árbol de transmisión
    - cardan shaft
Sistemas de seguridad
- Sistema de alarma
  - anti-theft alarm system
- Equipamiento de aviso
  - genuine accessories first aid kit *no 'fi' function possible
  - first-aid bag warning triangle fire extinguishers hi-visibility vest
- Sistema de cinturones
  - three-point automatic seat belt with belt tensioner
  - three-point automatic seat belt with belt tensioner
- Inmovilizador antirrobo
  - anti-theft alarm system
- Sistema airbag
Sistema de cierre
- Cierre centralizado
  - door lock inner actuator door handle, exterior
  - door lock key door handle, exterior
- Cerraduras, exterior
- Juego de cerraduras
- Cilindro de cerradura / Juego
  - door lock key door handle, exterior
- Manecilla de puerta
  - door lock inner actuator door handle, exterior
  - door lock key door handle, exterior
- Mando a distancia, cierre centralizado
  - electrical parts for auxiliary heater with remote control
Accesorios
- Encendedor de cigarrillos
  - socket cigarette lighter inverter
- Esteras
  - genuine accessories 1 set footmats (textile)
- Triángulo de aviso
  - first-aid bag warning triangle fire extinguishers hi-visibility vest
- Apoyabrazo
  - seat and backrest cover seat and backrest padding head restaints armrest
  - armrest
- Derivabrisas
  - vent air and footwell heater ducts, air hoses and vents
- Cadenas para la nieve
  - genuine accessories 1 set of snow chains *no 'fi' function possible
- accessories pest control (pine marten) sundry observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
- genuine accessories 1 set of snow chains *no 'fi' function possible
- genuine accessories bicycle bracket
- genuine accessories bicycle bracket
- genuine accessories child safety seat observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
- genuine accessories coat hanger basic carrier for travel and comfort system espresso machine, mobile
- genuine accessories roof box
- genuine accessories replacement key for bicycle- carrier lock system: *no 'fi' function possible
- fasteners threaded stud welded nut pop rivet sheet metal plate weld studs rivetted cap nut rivet noye
- genuine accessories first aid kit *no 'fi' function possible
- genuine accessories cool/hot box service parts ** see accessory catalogue **
- genuine accessories polish cleaning solution observe additional information in the accessory catalogue *no unique 'fi'- functions possible
- genuine accessories carstick hands-free device smartphone holder usb connection cable led reading light observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
- genuine accessories mud flap
- genuine accessories footboard
- genuine accessories summer complete wheel for cars winter complete wheel for cars *no 'fi' function possible
- genuine accessories 1 set footmats (textile)
- genuine accessories aluminium rim consult wheel/tyre advisor observe additional information in the accessory catalogue *no unique 'fi'- functions possible
- body please inquire when ordering
- accessories vehicle environment camera observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
- electrical parts for engine noise production
- genuine accessories 1 set support rails *no 'fi' function possible
- genuine accessories luggage compartment lining luggage net
- genuine accessories protective strip edge protection
- genuine accessories trailer tow hitch (spher.head) installation kit - electrical parts for trailer operation observe additional information in the accessory catalogue
- vehicle tools
- vehicle tools
- vehicle tools
- damping
- damping filler piece shaped part (foam)
- dash panel attachment parts
- dash panel attachment parts glove compartment
- first-aid bag warning triangle fire extinguishers hi-visibility vest
- floor covering foot rest a-pillar trim floor mat fasteners
- fuel filler flap
- fuel filler flap
- grommet fuer lenksaeule socket - jack
- individual parts auxiliary heater for coolant circuit auxiliary heater for water circuit
- window regulator window guide
- window regulator window guide window aperture seal
- electrical parts for auxiliary heater with remote control
- electrical parts for seat and backrest heating
- energy storage for 48 v island vehicle electrical sys.
- fuse box with fuse potential distributor relay plate and housing in plenum chamber
- fuse holder energy storage for 48 v island vehicle electrical sys.
- harness for engine compartment cable holder grommets earth stud
- hose line for washer water camera for night-vision system
- potential distributor central electrics, fuse box, relay carrier, relays
- socket cigarette lighter inverter
- wash water reservoir and individual parts
- wiring harness for interior harness for engine compartment individual parts grommets cable holder cap
- wiring set for dash panel individual parts cable holder
- air guide for charge air cooler
- front wishbone link suspension guide wheel bearing housing
- gas strut suspension forks
- activated charcoal container
- activated charcoal container
- activated charcoal container
- flanged shaft
- brake pipe brake hose
- brake pipe brake hose SIEHE PDM 4M1/4M2 614 BL.001-
- pressure accumulator air line repair set for air channel
- tandem brake master cylinder reservoir brake fluid
- vacuum hoses for brake servo
- cooler for coolant reservoir
- cooler for coolant reservoir
- cooler for coolant reservoir additional cooler for coolant
- exhaust pipe w/ cat.converter and front silencer
- exhaust pipe w/ cat.converter and front silencer
- exhaust pipe with catalyst and particulate filter control line for pressure difference sensor
- exhaust pipe with catalyst and particulate filter control line for pressure difference sensor
- crankcase housing sealing flange oil sump
- fuel rail injector unit pressure pipes
- oil filter with flange and oil cooler
Ruedas/neumáticos
- Neumáticos
- Llantas
- Accesorios
  - wheel cover
- Control de presión de neumáticos